Considering that a single TMA block may theoretically yield around a hundred of stained sections and that each section may contain hundreds of samples (cores), the need for support tools is evident. Secondly, the scoring phase on TMA samples (post-array images) may be improved by the use of automatic algorithms.
This is a highly time consuming task and in most pathology institutes evaluations are performed completely by hand for each of the hundreds of tissues that will compose the matrix. First, in the evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained slides of donor block tissues (pre-array images), to highlight the interesting areas for TMA building. To carry out image evaluation, scientists require specific support in two important phases.
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Since the technique is relatively new, up to now few specific software tools have been developed to support TMA construction. In addition, TMA construction is highly time-consuming because it requires a pathologist to identify, on every donor block, the area suitable to be punched-out and inserted into the array block. On the other hand the technique presents particular challenges in the input/output data evaluation, including the investigation of the results of hundreds of different tissues at the same time. The intrinsic high parallelism of a TMA block, due to the matrix structure that allows the examination of many different tissues at the same time, leads to several advantages, such as a decrease in the time taken to perform one assay instead of hundreds of separate assays, and a limited reagents cost, as around 500 separate experiments can be completed on a single TMA.
Top: H&E stained slide of the tissue with marks to highlight punching areas.
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